Structural evolution of centrality dynamics and policy implications in the global tea trade network
Abstract
Relevance. Traditional trade analyses focus on bilateral ties, overlooking the interdependencies that shape modern global trade. Complex network analysis addresses this gap by capturing systemic patterns and tracing how changes in one link affect the entire system. This method thus provides essential insights into trade vulnerability, market access, and structural evolution.
Research Objective. The study aims to investigate the structural evolution of centrality features in the global tea trading network (GTTN) from 2005 to 2020. It examines the shifting roles of key players, trade disruptions, and the overall stability of the international tea trade system.
Data and Method. The GTTN is constructed from bilateral tea trade volumes. Using R and Gephi, the study applies network metrics, which include degree distribution, betweenness, proximity, eigenvector centralities, and modularity-based clustering, to assess structural changes and trade dynamics among major tea-importing and exporting nations.
Results. The analysis shows significant shifts in the positions of leading players, with shifts that elevated some players and reduced the roles of others. The GTTN exhibited a compact, scale-free structure that became more complex over time. Major producers dominated exports, with China acting as a stabilizing force. Pakistan remained the largest importer but relied heavily on limited suppliers. Overall, the network evolved into a more structured and resilient system.
Conclusion. The study offers a comprehensive view of the GTTN’s evolution, identifying key trends and disparities in the international tea trade. It contributes to understanding global trade networks and informs policies aimed at enhancing trade stability and efficiency.
Keywords
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